Circular economy: A sustainable management strategy for rare earth elements consumption in Australia

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a major constituent of many advanced materials in the information and telecommunication industries, as well renewable energy efficiency sectors. REEs enablers speed, performance, durability, low carbon emissions these industries. They required everyday applications because their unique chemical physical properties. Given rise environmental concerns consequent demand for limited locations where can be sourced, there is very high risk supply disruption. Despite threat REE its economic significance, an in-depth examination impact benefits sustainable consumption metals Australia, other parts world, holistically systematically lacking, particularly regarding improvement resource strategies. Most previous work on has focused either politico-economic conflicts over distribution, or social impacts production not examined this problem, system. This paper provides review REEs' Australia. The study highlights Circular Economy (CE) scientifically plausible picture management strategy to help address adverse shortages while achieving maximum benefits. It answers how current strategies enhanced from CE perspective. A comprehensive framework was developed, followed by illustrative example tool sustainability practical implementation close material loop improve efficiency.